James hinks and joseph hinks



@uiten grains atrnt @fitte JAMES 4HIvKs AND JOSEPH HINKS, or BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND. Letters Paten-t ivo. 72,040, dated .December 10, 1857.

IMPROVEMENT IN LAMPS FOR Bllltlllifir PETROLEUM.

TO ALL TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it'hnosvn that we, JAMES HINKS and JOSEPH HINKS, of Birmingham, in the county of Warwick, England,"

manufacturers, subjects of the Queen of Great Britain, have inventedor discovered new and useful Improvements in Lamps for Burning Petroleum Oil and other volatile` liquid hydrocarbonsf and we, the said JAMES HINKS and JOSEPH HINKS, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to beparticularly described and ascertained in. and by the followingstat-ement thereofythat is'to sayv I One part of our invention consists of the improvements, hereinafter describedandillustrated in 4the accompanying drawing` in the burners of lamps for burning petroleum-oil and other volatileliquid'hydrocarbons, l

whereby two or more flat flames nor an elliptical ilame may be lproduced by the use of -two or.,.m'ore single flat wicks. By the use of this part ofv our invention `the danger of breaking the chimneys, which occurs from the use of a single dat wick, is wholly removed or much diminished.

This part of our invention consists in the employment in the .same burner of `tivo or more at-wick cases or holders, in which said cases or holders single dat wicks are placed. Each of the saidA wick-cases is provided with an axis and pinion for raising and lowering the wick contained therein.A r'.lhe wickcases or holdersare either fiat or slightly curved, or of the figure of semi-ellipses, or semicircular, seas to produce, when arranged in lthe burner, dat or Ielliptical dames. The cone or deiiector has two or` more straight or curved openings in it through which the wicks may pass.

Figure 1 represents in vertical section the burner of'a lamp `for burning petroleum oil and other volatile liquid hydrocarbons, the said burner being provided with two nearly flat wick-cases or holders, according to our invention.

Figures 2 and 3 represent elevations of the'compound wick-holder, taken at right angles to one another.

Figure 4 is a plan oi' the wick-holder, the .cone and gallery being removedfand Figure 5 is a horizontal section of the burner.

Figure 6 is a portion of the burner.

a 6 isv the double or compound wickl1older,-in which tivo single dat wicks, al c, are placed, or one doubled wick, as represented. The pinionsfg, fog raising and' lowering the wicks d e, pass through vopenings in the wick-cases, as represented. Instead of the compound wick-case represented, three or more wick-cases may be used. Each of the pinious fg is provided with an axis, by which it is turned. 4z' is the cone or deiiector of the lamp, the said cono t' having t\vo slightly-curved openings 1c Zin it, through which the wicks d e may pass. Instead of employing a single cone `or detlector, as represented, a double cone ordeilector may be used, one wick passing through an opening in one of the cones, and the other through the opening'in the-other cone. Across` the body ot' thc burner is aperforated disk or plate, m, (shown separately in plan in ig.*6,) through whichthef, air supplied by the perforated sides n'of the burner passesto the flames. The galleryp is of the ordinary kind;

In placing the two single wicks d a (or a doubled wick) in the cases or holders a 6, the ends of the wicks are passed up the wick-tubes tothe pnionsfg.4 By rotating the pinions the wicks are carried up the wick-tubes a Z, and 'the burner is ready to be placed in the lamp. ,i i

Instead of giving to the tubes of the compound wick-holder the curved figure represented in the plan, iig.

4, each tube of thc wick-holder may be curved or of the figure of asemi-ellpse, or the said tubes may be straight, and the compound wick-holder may be made to contain more than two flat wicks, `a corresponding number ofopenings being made in the conc or deiiector for the wicks to pass through. 4

Another-part oi' our invent-ion consists of the improvements, hereinafter described, in constructingor arranging thc shade-holders or galleries of lamps, and in supplying air to the iiames. l

Another part of our invention consists of the improvements, hereinafter' described, in isolating the shode= holder from the'shade, and in thi: construction of chimneys for lamps. f i

Another part of our invention consists of the improvements, hereinafter described, in constructing the caps or`wind-protectors of lamps.

. These improvements are specially applicable to lamps used in India, or where punkahs are used, and are illustrated in iigs. 7 to 16, bothinclusive, of the accompanying drawings.

' Figure 7 represents in vertical section a complete lamp and punkah or windfprotector, constructed according to our invention.

a is the holder or gallery supporting the shade b, the said shade-holder or gallery being situated at the bottom of the burner or mount of the burner c. The shade-'holder is carried by the rim a2. The 'shade-holder a is made of perforated metal or wire gauze, and is, by preference, of a diameter double that of the ordinary holder; rit may, however, be made larger 'or smaller, as maypbcadesire'd. Y. Thevlamp c consists of a double datwick burner, of the kind hereinbefore described, having a chimney, d. v' lhe construction of this chimney is hereinafter explained. e is the reservoir, screwed to` the bottom of the lamp or burner c. The said lamp or burner a is supported in the middle of the shade-holder. a in the manner represented in the drawing, so that when the said shade-holder is lifted by 'its rim a2 from the stand, thesaid lamp c, reservoir e, and shade b are carried with it. v

The stand on which the lamp is supported consists of a hollow pillar,f, on the summit of which is an ornamental vase or cup, g, the open mouth of which is cf the same diameter as the inner flange of therim a2 of the shade-holder a. The manner in which the rim of the shade-holder rests in the vase g, and the positionf of thel reservoir e of the lamp in the said vase, will be readily understood by an examination of the drawing.

Air-for the support of combustion enters by perforations h2 at the foot h' of the pillarf, and, rising up the pillar andrbetween the vase g and reservoir e, passes through the perforations or wire gauze of the shade-holder a to the perforation's'iu the lamp orV burner cfand from thence to the iames. In place of or in addition to perd forations in the foot ofthe stand, for supplying air for combustion, perforations may be made in the pillarfor in the vase g. In lamps having no pillars wc make the perforations in the 'vase itself. By the construction described, the lamp isiprot-ccted from the currents of air produced by the punkahs, or otherwise produced, while still permittingof a free and large ingress o f -cold air to the inside of the shade to be supplied to the burner.

,The punkah or wind-protector z', at the top'of the shade b, consists of a dome or cap, having a perforatedrim, i2, the saidperforated rim being of a diameter somewhat greater than the diameter of the top of the shade b. rlhe horizontal part i3 of the rim of the protector t' rests upon Athe top of the shade. The summit of the domeis perforated at k, and in the axes of the'dome is a disk of a metal, Z. When the dome-or protector is placed on the top of the shade its perforated edge il is situatedbeyond the edge of the said shade, so thatfcold air may enter freely at the 'perforated edge into the interior of the protectora, and, in combination with the hot air from the lamp, escape by the perfor-ations at the summit 'of `the protector, as indicated by the arrows. By: Vthe use of this dome or protector, in 'combination with the shade-holder'1;epresented, the lamp is protected both ways from the currents of air produced by the punkah, or otherwise produced. Instead of the plain' disk Zin the protector, a perforated disk or piece of wire gauze may be used, as represented in section in Figure 8, elevation v i in Figure 9, and plan of upper side in Figure 10. p

When a :cheap lamp is required, we admit air to the burner and construct the punkah orfwind-protectcr in the manner illustrated in figs. 11 to 14, both inclusive, of the drawings-4 l l `Figure 11 being an elevation of a complete lamp, (the pillar being omitted.)

Figure 12 a plan of the shade-holder and'gallery. Figure 13 a section; and. vFigure 14 a -plan of the shade-holder or gallery and burner on a larger scale. Figure 15 is a section, and I Figure 16 a plan of the punkah or wind-protector. l Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 also represent our improvements in isolating the shade from the shade-holdcr or gallery.'

m is the burner; n is the reservoir, screwed to the top o f the pillar of the lamp in the ordinary way; o is the shade-holder or gallery supporting the shade; p and q isthe chimney of the lamp. We make the shade holder o of about four inches in diameter, instead of three inches, as usual, land we perforate the said shade-holder with a serios of small holes, (sce iig. 14,) forsupplyingair to the flame of Ythe lamp. In thesaidshade-holder we make a series of indcntations or depressions, in which we' insert and fix disks or pieces of bone, wood, or-

n 1 l l n l c u other imperfect conductor of heat, marked 7 the said disks or pieces rproyecting a little above the plane of the.

bottom of the shade-holder o. (Sec the section, fig. 13.) Upon Tthese projecting disks or pieces 'r we place and fix a ring, Ts, of wire gauze or perforated metal, and thereby form aA chamber through which the air has to pass before it -reaches the llame of the burner.A The ring s is fastened in its place by the same pins which fasten tho non-conducting disks r to the shade-holder. Upon the ring s of perforated metal or'wire gauze the shade p rests.

'By admitting air'to the ilameponly through the perforations in the bottom of vthe shade-holder and perforated ring above it, as described and represented, thc currents of air produced by the .pnnkahs or other source are prevented from acting upon the flame and causingthe lamp to smoke, and, by means of the non-conducting disks or pieces r, upon which the shade rests, the said shade is isolated from the shade-holder, and the said shadeholder is thereby prevented from being heated bythe said shade, and by the-.punkah or wind-protector at the top of the 'said shade. p'lhe'oil in the reservoir 'a is thus 'kept cool.

f We make the body tl of the punkalnprot'ector at the top. of the shade p of a taper tube, ofwire gauze or perforated metal, the taperv of the said body being greater than usual; that is, we make the base of the bodyt about four inches in diameter, and-the summit about two inches', instead of three inches, as usual. We surmount the body t of thev protector by.a cap-orcorer, u, of ya dome shape, the bottom ofthe said cap being perforated at u2, and the top being also perforated at a3.' The summit of the cap u has also a hollowor tubular termination, a, Across the cap a disk orl diaphragm, of wire ganze or perforated metal, o, is xed.v The cold air enters the cap at the bottom perforations u2, and, in combination with the heated air from the lamp, escapes by the top perforations us and hollow termination u", as indicated bythe arrows in fig. 15.l By making the body tion but of the punkah or wind-protector of the taper represented, a. free egress of the heated air from the shade-holder or glassp is obtained, and, by making the cap or leover-surlnoulfitirng the said body in the manner described and represented, a direct egress of the heated air from the chimney q is also obtained.

We make the chimneys and q of thelamps, figs. 7 and 11, and other lamps burningliqud volatile hydrocarbons, conical, either circular'or elliptical in cross-sectiomin place `of the ordinary bulged shouldered chimney. Our said chimney tapers from nearly the middle 'towards each Vend, as represented.

By the use of a chimney of the kind represented, a free egress of` the heated air, c ombined with anvequa expansion `of every part of the chimney by heat, is obtained, and hence the chimney is less liableto break than the ordinary bulged chimney. i

Having now described the nature of our invention, and the `manner in vwhich the saine is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do not-limit ourselves to the precise details herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, as the same may be varied, without departing from the nature of our inven- We claim as our invention of improvements in lamps for burning petroleum oil and other volatile liquid hydrocarbonst 1. Constructing the burners of the said lamps substantially in the manner hercinbefore described, and illustratedin rigs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the accompanying drawings, that isA to say, the combination in the same burner of two or more dat orcurved wick-cases or holders, in .which two or more flat wicks are'placed, so as to produce thereby twovor more fiat llames or elliptical or nearly circular flames.

2. Constructing and arranging the shade-holders or galleries ofthe said lamps, for the purpose of admitting air to the llames, substantially in the manner hereinbefore described, and illustrated inigs. 7, 11,12, 13, and 14 of the accompanying drawings. A

3. Supporting the shade-holders or galleries in a vase or cupion the top of the pillar of-thc lamp, and supplying air to the lamp through the said pillar or vase, or supporting them in a cup or vase without a pillar, thear in this case being supplied through the vase, substantially in th'e manner hereinbet'ore described, and illustrated in fig. 7 fi'the accompanying drawings.

4. The improvement described, :ind illustrated in gs. 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the accompanying'drawings, for isolating the shade from the shade-holder or gallery.

5. The arrangement or combination of the parts of punkah-protectors or wind-protectors, substantially.

in the manner hereinbefore described, and illustrated in figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, and 16 of the accompanying drawings. A

AJAMES HINKS. [1.. s.]

JOSEPH` HINKs. [L s1] Witnesses:

Bremen Sxsnnsrr, 7 Cannon Street, Birmingham. HENRY SKERRETT, 7 Cannon Street, Birmingham. 

